Dear Wife Analysis

John Downe’s letter to his better half makes an eager, powerful tone to attempt to persuade her to leave England and go to the United States. The phrasing he utilizes and the manner in which he structures his sentences features the focuses he attempts to make. He utilizes a variety of logical procedures and gadgets, for example, symbolism, tone and disposition, and feeling to do so.Throughout the majority of the letter, Downe depicts to his significant other the way of life in the United States through symbolism. The style he utilizes gives a soothing, inviting visual of what the United States has coming up for his significant other and family. The greater part of the convincing goes on in the principal section as he embodies all the incredible open doors with leaving England and going to the United States. He gives his better half a feeling that all is well with the world when he clarifies that individuals in the United States don't need to close or lock their entryways and c an make the most of their lives doing whatever they like, from picking organic products to going to get a beverage. He gives her something to anticipate by portraying the magnificence of America and sharing his experiences.In the subsequent section, Downe gets into a progressively close to home perspective with his promise decision and sentence structure through emotion. Short, direct sentences are utilized to express what is on his mind to his better half. He embodies his lament and regret for leaving the family during his season of hardship and clarifies that he is in a good place again because of his decision of moving to the United States and beginning an entirely different life. Downe utilizes this to disclose to his significant other that her life can be changed on the off chance that she comes moreover. He more than once utilized the word â€Å"dear† to allude to his better half and family and to make a point to by and by address his wife.Downe’s tone and mental ity all through the entire letter is enticing. It is significant for him to get his family to move to the United States and partake in an entirely different coexistence. From portraying the commercial center to attempting to debase England, his sole reason for existing is to persuade his significant other that the United States is a superior spot for her and his family. He goes after England when he stated, that â€Å"there is no inappropriate or nauseating equality† in the United States contrasted with England. He parts of the bargains feeling when he advises his better half to give the youngsters a kiss for him.John Downe utilizes diverse expository methodologies to attempt to convince his significant other to move to the United States from England. He paints a picture of America that is inviting and warm. His tone is enticing and he utilizes poignancy to frame an association with his better half. Dear Wife Analysis John Downe’s letter to his better half makes an excited, influential tone to attempt to persuade her to leave England and go to the United States. The lingual authority he utilizes and the manner in which he structures his sentences features the focuses he attempts to make. He utilizes a variety of explanatory procedures and gadgets, for example, symbolism, tone and disposition, and poignancy to do so.Throughout a large portion of the letter, Downe depicts to his significant other the way of life in the United States through symbolism. The lingual authority he utilizes gives a soothing, inviting visual of what the United States has coming up for his better half and family. A large portion of the convincing goes on in the main section as he embodies all the extraordinary open doors with leaving England and going to the United States. He gives his significant other a feeling that all is well with the world when he clarifies that individuals in the United States don't need to clo se or lock their entryways and can make the most of their lives doing whatever they like, from picking natural products to going to get a beverage. He gives her something to anticipate by depicting the magnificence of America and sharing his experiences.In the subsequent section, Downe gets into an increasingly close to home perspective with his promise decision and sentence structure through feeling. Short, direct sentences are utilized to express what is on his mind to his significant other. He embodies his lament and regret for leaving the family during his season of hardship and clarifies that he is in a good place again because of his decision of moving to the United States and beginning a totally different life. Downe utilizes this to disclose to his better half that her life can be changed on the off chance that she comes moreover. He more than once utilized the word â€Å"dear† to allude to his better half and family and to make a point to by and by address his wife.D owne’s tone and demeanor all through the entire letter is enticing. It is significant for him to get his family to move to the United States and partake in an entirely different coexistence. From depicting the commercial center to attempting to debase England, his sole reason for existing is to persuade his significant other that the United States is a superior spot for her and his family. He goes after England when he stated, that â€Å"there is no inappropriate or appalling equality† in the United States contrasted with England. He parts of the bargains feeling when heâ tells his better half to give the kids a kiss for him.John Downe utilizes diverse expository procedures to attempt to convince his significant other to move to the United States from England. He paints a picture of America that is inviting and warm. His tone is convincing and he utilizes emotion to shape an association with his significant other.

Essay --

Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, is a well known eighteenth century novel that outlines the intricate connection among characters and the general public in which they live in. So as to obviously show the crowd the estimation of artistic authenticity, Austen presents two characters that are so outrageous, and â€Å"distorted†, in wording mentality, haughtiness and supposition, that they assist her with supporting Elizabeth's discerning. Elizabeth's mom, Mrs. Bennet, and cousin, Mr. Collins, are maybe the most overdramatic characters in the whole novel. Mrs. Bennet, however some case to be basically a concerned mother, is in truth a silly, and tumultuous lady whose unparalleled expectation is to offer her girls. Austen made her to be unpleasant with the goal that it would appear just as Elizabeth’s choices would be basis. All through the whole novel Mrs. Bennet lets her shallow side sparkle. A prime case of this is the point at which the incomparable Mr. Collins shows up. From the start, the whole Bennet family, including Mrs. Bennet concurred that Mr. Collins was a â€Å"disagreeable† man. Be that as it may, when Mrs. Bennet gets the indication from Collins that he has the aim of wedding one of her little girls, Austen clarifies â€Å"Mrs. Bennet cherished up the insight, and believed that she may before long have two little girls wedded; and the man whom she was unable to stand to talk about the day preceding was presently in her great grace† (49). Despite the fact that Mr. Collins was annoying not exactly a d ay prior, when Mrs. Bennet acknowledged one of her little girls would be hitched and riches would be ingrained into their lives, she quickly set aside her past respects. As Mrs. Bennet expressed in the start of the novel, â€Å"The business of her life was to get her girls married† (6). Despite the fact that, this is ordinary of moms at... ... show how Elizabeth is against business as usual of marriage. In those days, ladies were naturally expected to acknowledge the proposition, since it profited her family. By having Elizabeth dismiss this proposition, Austen can pass on her sentiments of objection for the regular marriage through her. So as to pass on her actual sentiments towards marriage, Jane Austen shows them through Elizabeth, the fundamental character. However so as to really make her sentiments understood, Jane Austen likewise makes misshaped and outrageous minor characters, for example, Mrs. Bennet and Mr. Collins. These two characters impact the novel incredibly, in that they are outrageous to the point, that they help support Elizabeth’s choices. On the off chance that it were not for them, Elizabeth would have been viewed as an egotistical character and Jane Austen disdain for the regular marriage of the time would not have been clear.

First Semester of College Reflection

First Semester of College Reflection As I walked through the glossy hotel lobby, I hastened to the front desk to print next year’s housing forms before the upcoming deadline. My sense of urgency contrasted with the twinkling Christmas trees, the grand voice of Frank Sinatra, and the sound of busy Chicago traffic. “Oh, you go to U of I? Some of my best friends went there!” asked the receptionist. “Yeah, I finished my finals a couple of days ago,” I replied. “How was your first semester?” she asked. Trying to come up with something clever and brief to summarize the last few months of my life left me speechless for a moment. I couldn’t help but feel a wave of different emotions: disbelief over how fast the semester had passed, amazement about how many new things I learned, and excitement over trading studying for sightseeing in my favorite city. Despite how much my hometown college friends educated me about the life of a freshman, nothing could have fully prepared me for my first semester. Learning how to learn in college, living independently for the first time, and finding new friends were challenges that no one could have coached me on. Newsflash: College is really hard! I’ll be the first to admit that I FaceTimed my mom more than I ever have in the past few monthsâ€"mostly to vent about my chemistry class, but also at 3 a.m. freaking out about a harmless bug on my bathroom wall I was too afraid to kill! Not to mention that, before college, I didn’t give much thought about the different professions within medicine; more rarely, ever been told that being pre-med may not be right for me. Trusting the college process is hard, but it’s also wonderful! The challenges of college are what help students grow, not just as students, but as human beings too. It’s true, trying to stay on top of school workload can be exhausting sometimes and staying motivated to exercise is a REAL struggle. But there’s nothing better than sitting in class admiring how DNA replicates and the way Aspirin functions in the human body. Moments with friends, like walking to Kung Fu Tea on the coldest day of the year and having a The Bachelor viewing party until midnight (even though you have an 8 a.m. class the next day), is what makes the challenges worth facing. Not to mention, knowing that endless opportunities are ready whenever you are makes college feel a little less intimidating. As the receptionist handed me the paperwork, I replied, “Very eventful!” -Fiza Fiza Class of 2022 My major is Molecular and Cellular Biology (more commonly and lovingly known as MCB) in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. I'm on the pre-med trackâ€"I’ve dreamed of becoming a doctor since I could spell the word!

Analysis Of Xyz Technologies Inc. - 3594 Words

Introduction This document is an summary introduction of XYZ Technologies Inc. this summary represents the different details about the company as a whole and it provides details about what the company does, how it works and the skills and products that it offers to its customers. This document also presents a legal strategy to assist XYZ Technologies Inc with its eCommerce business practice. The document includes XYZ’s business formation, business models. The document also discusses details about the practice of XYZ Technologies Inc’s Intellectual property and asset protection. The document also goes over the labor and employment agreement where we define the type of workers that work for the company and how the legal aspect of the Internet usage policy for the purpose of promoting employee diversification. The document also presents a section of transactional law. And finally the last section discusses the regulatory, compliance and liability issues within XYZ Company. Section 1: Business Formation, Business Models and Business Cycles Executive Summary XYZ Technologies Inc is a leader in global software development. Its headquarter office is located in Lynchburg, VA. XYZ Technologies’ products and services consist of specific products that the company offers to its different clients’ portfolios. Such products are within the software development scope, including, without limitation, client software development, software support and maintenance, client’s legacyShow MoreRelatedComputer Forensics Mission : A Private Company1467 Words   |  6 Pageswhich XYZ Inc. are subject differ from the laws governing law enforcement agencies. However, as XYZ Inc. may turn over some forensic investigations to law enforcement as criminal cases, the laboratory must adhere to some laws governing the handling of evidence. Consent and Privacy All evidence examined by this laboratory must be legally obtained with respect to governing privacy laws. In most cases, evidence must be obtained with the consent of the owner. This consent may be obtained by XYZ Inc. orRead MoreMarketing Plan For Abc Salon1288 Words   |  6 Pagescompletion 1/1/2016 2/1/2016 0 XYZ Store front design and set-up 1/1/2016 2/1/2016 1100 XYZ Advertsing campaign 1 1/1/2016 6/30/2016 4100 XYZ Advertising campaign 2 7/1/2106 12/31/2016 4100 XYZ Profitability 1/1/2016 0 XYZ Other 1/1/2017 1/15/2017 0 XYZ Total advertising budget 9300 XYZ PR Start date End date Budget Manager Other 1/1/2016 1/15/2016 0 XYZ Total budget 0 XYZ Direct marketing Start date End Date Budget XYZ Other 1/1/2016 1/15/2016 0 XYZ Total budget 0 XYZ Web development Start dateRead MoreMarketing Flyer Plan1991 Words   |  8 Pagesflyer plan for XYZ Construction, Inc. XYZ Construction, Inc. currently is a private construction company that is predominately funded by state and federal contracts. The company has made plans to move from the private sector to the public sector in hopes to increase revenues and business by offering services to the private and residential construction industries. XYZ Construction, Inc. has 12 months to revamp and/or develop different departments and areas of their company. For this task XYZ has broughtRead MoreThe Reception Officer, The Public Face Of The Laboratory2464 Words   |  10 Pagesand civil court personnel, and e) peers. The reception officer will be expected to adhere to laboratory and company policies when a) briefing internal and external entities, b) permitting access to the laboratory environment, c) determining legal analysis, and d) working with or near evidence (Citation?). The Triage Officer The triage officer will be responsible for deciding whether tasks are accepted into the laboratory, and if they are, allocating necessary priority in which cases are to be processedRead MoreA Digital Forensic Examiner Is On The Receiving End Of The Phone Call3070 Words   |  13 Pagesdescribed, XYZ, Inc. is in the process of opening a new digital forensics laboratory and is hoping, with Group 4 Firm’s support, their personnel and new facility will achieve success. One may ask what it takes to put a digital forensics laboratory together. With its proven track record, the Group 4 Firm knows what it takes to get the job done. The Group 4 Firm will assist XYZ, Inc. by proposing a plan for a 100-person facility that will work efficiently. In ascertaining the scope of XYZ, Inc.’s investigativeRead More Business Ethics and the Global Dimensions of Business Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Ethics and the Global Dimensions of Business This inclusive analysis was developed after an initial consultation with the C.E.O. of XYZ Construction, Inc. where the implications of expanding the construction company into Asia were discussed. The issues to be examined are the varied aspects of implementing a global business expansion. Time wise there is market potential for this opportune endeavor. However there are potential difficulties and risk that need to be considered before an internationalRead MoreXyz Beauty Products Company Analysis2517 Words   |  11 PagesXYZ beauty Products Company is a company in the cosmetic industry whose business involves manufacturing products aimed at enhancing women’s beauty. XYZ Company has a global presence and is one of the leading brands in the cosmetic industry. Over time, XYZ has diversified its products portfolio to include beauty products, fashion, jewellery and clothing. The organization’s global presence and its wide product portfolio have enhanced its market share m aking it a direct competitor of leading brandsRead MoreXYZ Inc2028 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿ XYZ, Inc. Expansion MGT 435 XYZ, Inc. Expansion â€Å"Globalization and technology have made the world smaller and far more interconnected, so what affects one business sector or one part of the world invariably affects everyone.† (Weiss, 2012 sect. 1.1 Para. 1) In today’s modern world organizational change is inevitable for growth and stability, while leadership comes into an organization with a new plan as to how the organization will or should function. The avoidance of gross changesRead MoreAnalysis Of Xyz Company Is A Popular Book Chain2022 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction XYZ Company is a popular book chain. The question to answer by the analysis is there is a reduction in sales of hardcover and paperback books since the release of the electronic reading devices available. Continuing the analysis from the previous weeks, Team A researches Barnes Noble data collection techniques and performs further analysis. In reviewing the analysis data, the Team is able to explore potential challenges that can come from the validity and reliability of the questionnaireRead MoreFordist Principles1804 Words   |  8 Pagestotal quality management, just-in-time inventory control, leaderless work groups; globalization of consumer goods markets, faster production life cycles, as well as intensive product/market segmentation and differentiation (Hounshell, 1984). Analysis As modern organizations grew larger, skills become increasingly fragmented and specialized and positions become more functionally differentiated. (Hardy Clegg, 1996). The best organizations/suppliers continuously update and upgrade their service

Children Coping With Parent s Dissolution - 975 Words

Children coping with parent’s dissolution have more problem adjusting to life events: â€Å"Research on interparental conflict and child adjustment† has shown that parental conflicts that are overt, intense, and child related are more strongly associated with child maladjustment than conflicts that are less evident (covert), intense, and not child related† (Davies Cummings, 2006; Grych Fincham, 1990). In a long term consequence, there are chances that they, when growing up, do not believe in marriage, and the risk of them getting divorced is higher than children from an intact family. Children from a divorced family witness interparental conflicts frequently, which shapes their pessimism that marriage problem is unsolvable as well as divorce is easier and acceptable (Cui, Fincham, Pasley, 2008; Segrin, Taylor, Altman, 2005). As a relationship is not always about love but it is also about frustration, disappointments and arguments, without patience and efforts from both partners, the connection will not stay strong and healthy. This motivates them to give up a relationship easily, rather than putting effort to work it out. They tend to commit less to their partner. This pattern in adolescent/ young adulthood can predict their rough marriage in the future. The study named â€Å"The effect of parental divorce on young adults’ romantic relationship dissolution: What makes a difference?† conducted in a large undergraduate Southern college examines nearly 600 young adults aboutShow MoreRelatedWhat Are The Positive And Negative Consequences Of Divorce On Child Development?1626 Words   |  7 Pagesfemales as parents. Parents that are going through divorce or an increase in marital dissolution are often concerned about the effect that it will have on their children. They wonder if they are sacrificing their childrens health and happiness for their own selfish needs. Majority of scholarly studies, have found adverse results for the affects of divorce on children’s development. However the traditional sequence of research lean towards the negative consequences; showing that compared to children withRead MoreThe Deployment Of Military Personnel964 Words   |  4 Pagesmillion active duty U.S. military personnel, of which approximately half have a spouse and/or children (Department of Defense, 2014). Once deployment orders are received, these servicemen and women must say goodbye to their loved ones for up to fifteen months. During this time of separation, these families will go through dramatic changes in an effort to make up for the absence of a spouse and/or parent. The deployment of military personnel adversely affects their families by causing negative emotionalRead MoreDivorce Has A Huge Impact On My Life1668 Words   |  7 Pages When I was about 14 months old, my parents separated which then led to a divorce. Since I was extremely young, I cannot remember how it affected me. But once I got into grade school, I was in great knowledge that something was different. I then started to understand the affects my parents’ divorce had on me such as anger, resentment, feeling of loneliness, and prob-lems with communication. Now that I am a young adult, I still feel like I am being affected by those same problems except now I amRead MoreThe Deployment Of Military Personnel847 Words   |  4 Pagesthere were over 1.4 million active duty U.S. military personnel, of which approximately half have a spouse and/or children. Once deployment orders are received these servicemen and women must say goodbye to their loved ones for up to fifteen months. During this time of separation, the families will go through dramatic changes in an effort to make up for the absence of a spouse and/or parent. The deployment of milita ry personnel adversely affects their families by causing negative emotional and/or behavioralRead MoreThe Deployment Of Military Personnel Essay884 Words   |  4 Pagesof these men and women have a spouse and/or children that they must say goodbye to once they are deployed and deployment can last four to fifteen months. The deployment of military personnel adversely affects their families by causing negative emotional and/or behavioral changes, continuously altering the framework of the family dynamic, and by increasing the risk factors for divorce upon their post-deployment reintegration. Deployment of a parent and/or spouse can cause a myriad of behavioralRead MoreAttachment Types Of The Bond Formed Between Females And Their Primary Caregiver Essay1109 Words   |  5 Pages2002). Attachment in association with depression and romantic experiences was investigated by Steinberg and Davila (2008). A sample of 83 early adolescent females and their primary caregivers were given questionnaires regarding romantic competence, parent-adolescent security, stress and psychopathology. The results showed that when participant’s had frequent romantic experiences and parent’s emotional availability was low, there was a significant association with higher rates of depressive symptomsRead MoreThe Effects of Divorce on Children Essay2393 Words   |  10 PagesEffects of Divorce on Children As a child, there are many things that affect a view, memory, opinion, or attitude. Children have many of their own daily struggles to cope with, as peer pressures are an example. As an adult, we sometimes forget what it is like to be a child dealing with some of the childhood pressures. Many parents do not realize how something like divorce could possibly affect their children as much as it does themselves. As the case may be, children are strongly affectedRead MoreDivorce and Its Effect On Children Essay1500 Words   |  6 PagesThe situation becomes even more consequential when children are considered. As divorce has become more commonplace in society, millions of children are affected by the separation of the nuclear family. How far-reaching are these effects? And is there a time when divorce is beneficial to the lives of the children? This paper will examine some of the major research and several different perspectives regarding the outcomes of divorce for the children involved, and whether it can actually be in the bestRead MoreHow Does Divorce Affect Children?1693 Words   |  7 Pagesaffect children? Married couples represent fifty one percent of Americans, many of which end in divorce spawning over eleven million single parent families. According to the American Psychological Association forty to fifty percent of marriages in the United States will end in divorce. This marriage dissolution rate results in fifty percent of our children witnessing the divorce of their parents, forty percent of which are being raised without fathers in the home. Divorce and single parent familiesRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On A Family1489 Words   |  6 Pagescentral component of minimizing the stress associated with a divorce taking place within a family. Divorce is often linked to negativity and downgraded relationships throughout the family unit- particularly with respect to children (Thomas, Booth†Butterfield, M., Booth†Butterfield, S., 1995, p. 229). However, research indicates that communication can minimize the negative effects on a family during a divorce. This is understandable considering that communication has a fundamental role in social and

Century Genius/Stephen Hawking Free Essays

The Logical Insurrection Computing Engine was built in 1958. He attended college on scholarships and focused on physics and mathematics. However he showed strong interest in theories. We will write a custom essay sample on Century Genius/Stephen Hawking or any similar topic only for you Order Now Especially those theories of Einstein; and the theory of relativity and the study of cosmology. In 1963 he met his first wife Jane Wiled and in 1995 they got married but divorced in 1991. Stephen began getting sick when he and Jane got married so the testing began and the news came back that Stephen had ALAS. He was told he had two years to live however he is alive to date. ALAS attacks the nerves and speaking ability, walking, breathing, and swallowing. Stephen communicates with a computer that is connected to his wheelchair. During his marriage token they had three children. The marriage didn’t last and they divorced in 1991. He then married Elaine Mason which he divorced in 2006. Hawking worked for 30 years at Cambridge as the Lucian Chair of Mathematics. Sir Isaac Newton once held that position as well. Stephens has been the world leader in research on black holes, the birth of the universe, and the nature of space, time and gravity. He has written many best-selling books which have sold millions of copies. â€Å"A Brief History of Time† is a best-seller of Stephens and has been made into a movie. In this book Stephen tries to explain physical and mathematical ideas and calculations without using math. And also a range of subjects in Cosmology including the Big Bang, black holes, light cones and superstring theory. â€Å"A Brief History in Time† stayed on the London Sunday Times est.-selling list for 237 weeks. Stephen has won many awards In his life. He has received the CUBE in 1982 and made Companion of Honor In 1989. 1974 Stephen was elected Fellow of the Royal Society he was one of the youngest to receive this award to date. Stephen is a known Atheists and his belief Is Science will win. With all of Stephens problems and disability he has not let this stop him. He continues to use his mind and remains a strong force In the Science field. References: * penguin Books USA Inc. How to cite Century Genius/Stephen Hawking, Papers

Personal Statement Essays - Music Industry, Music, Sound, Amazon.com

Personal Statement I used to laugh at my teachers in previous years. When I went to public school I would actually laugh at them. I thought it was so funny how they couldn't get our classes attention. It was almost like they showed for work because they had to, just to get paid. You could tell that they didn't want to be there as much as the students didn't want to. Students would miss class or not pay attention in class and it wouldn't matter. I know what that can do to a student first hand. I found myself not going to class or not paying attention because I knew that the teacher really didn't mind. After I came to Lutheran, with a rather large chip on my shoulder, I entered a new world of teaching. I actually find myself talking to my teachers about my personal life. I never new that teachers could actually care about their students. Once I came to realize that there were teachers out there that did make differences in their students' lives, I then decided that teaching was my calling. I now wish to major in secondary teaching and become a teacher myself. I want to learn how to help students now that people do care. Besides the academic knowledge they will get from me, I want to teach them about the principals of life. I want my students to know that they can always come to me with questions or just to talk. Also when I see students heading down the wrong path, because of first-hand knowledge, I can help them first realize what they are doing wrong. From there I can help them correct there mistakes. Personally I like the small school setting. Smaller classes so teacher can really get to know their students. A school like that would be my preference to work in, but public school wouldn't be a big deal. I just want to be in a position were I can impact people's lives in a positive way. Me being a student , I know that we, the students, are listening. It just depends on what the teacher says. I can remember two examples were this took place. I had a little slip up my junior year. Even though I had gotten caught for what I did people wanted to help me. That's not to say that they weren't disappointed. They were disappointed because they believed that I was better than that. Every teacher I had wanted to help me in some way. It was that impact that made me never want to mess up again. The second also came from Lutheran High School and it also involves me. I going through some hard times and I was quite depressed. A teacher, not even one of mine, noticed this and confronted me. We end ed up talking for a while and sorting through most of my problems. These are the types of things that I want to do. I want to have students look up to me not only as their teacher but also as a person that they can come and talk to. I want to help people realize that they can and do make a difference in their environment.

How to Use Comments in Java Code

How to Use Comments in Java Code Java comments are notes in a Java code file that are ignored by the compiler and runtime engine. They are used to annotate the code in order to clarify its design and purpose. You can add an unlimited number of comments to a Java file, but there are some best practices to follow when using comments. Generally, code comments are implementation comments that explain the source code, such as descriptions of classes, interfaces, methods, and fields. These are usually a couple of lines written above or beside Java code to clarify what it does. Another type of Java comment is a Javadoc comment. Javadoc comments differ slightly in syntax from implementation comments and are used by the program javadoc.exe to generate Java HTML documentation. Why Use Java Comments? Its good practice to get into the habit of putting Java comments into your source code to enhance its readability and clarity for yourself and other programmers. It isnt always instantly clear what a section  of Java code is performing. A few explanatory lines can drastically reduce the amount of time it takes to understand the code. Do They Affect How the Program Runs? Implementation comments in Java code are only there for humans to read. Java compilers dont care about them and when compiling the program, they just skip over them. The size and efficiency of your compiled program will not be affected by the number of comments in your source code. Implementation Comments Implementation comments come in two different formats: Line Comments: For a one line comment, type // and follow the two forward slashes with your comment. For example: // this is a single line comment int guessNumber (int) (Math.random() * 10); When the compiler comes across the two forward slashes, it knows that everything to the right of them is to be considered as a comment. This is useful when debugging a piece of code. Just add a comment from a line of code you are debugging, and the compiler wont see it: // this is a single line comment // int guessNumber (int) (Math.random() * 10); You can also use the two forward slashes to make an end of line comment: // this is a single line comment int guessNumber (int) (Math.random() * 10); // An end of line comment Block Comments: To start a block comment, type /*. Everything between the forward slash and asterisk, even if its on a different line, is treated as a  comment until the characters */ end the comment. For example: /* this is a block comment */ /* so is this */ Javadoc Comments Use special Javadoc comments to document your Java API. Javadoc is a tool included with the JDK that generates HTML documentation from comments in source code. A Javadoc comment in  .java  source files is enclosed in start and end syntax like so:  /**  and  */. Each comment within these is prefaced with a  *.   Place these comments directly above the method, class, constructor or any other Java element that you want to document. For example: // myClass.java/** * Make this a summary sentence describing your class.* Heres another line. */public class ​myClass{...} Javadoc incorporates various tags that control how the documentation is generated. For example, the  param  tag defines parameters to a method: /** main method * param args String[] */​ public static void main(String[] args) ​{ ​ System.out.println(Hello World!);​ } Many other tags are available in Javadoc, and it also supports HTML tags to help control the output. See your Java documentation for more detail. Tips for Using Comments Dont over comment. Every line of your program does not need to be explained. If your program flows logically and nothing unexpected occurs, dont feel the need to add a comment.Indent your comments. If the line of code you are commenting is indented, make sure your comment matches the indentation.Keep comments relevant. Some programmers are excellent at modifying code, but for some reason forget to update the comments. If a comment no longer applies, then either modify or remove it.Dont nest block comments. The following will result in a compiler error: /* this is /* This block comment finishes the first comment */ a block comment */

3 Faulty Constructions of In-Line Lists

3 Faulty Constructions of In-Line Lists 3 Faulty Constructions of In-Line Lists 3 Faulty Constructions of In-Line Lists By Mark Nichol The interrelationship of words or phrases in a list of things set out in a sentence (known as an in-line list, as opposed to a vertical list) is often obscured by erroneous syntax. For each of the following examples, discussion and revision point out the errors of equivalency. 1. The average large project runs 45 percent over budget, 7 percent past deadline, and delivers 56 percent less value than expected. The verb runs pertains to the first two figures but not to the last, so the first two list items must be connected by a conjunction to share it, and because doing so reduces the number of list items from three to two, no commas are necessary: â€Å"The average large project runs 45 percent over budget and 7 percent past deadline and delivers 56 percent less value than expected.† 2. Cybersecurity is a critical organizational priority in the boardroom, C-suite, information technology department, and every area of the business. Each of the first three items in this list, to be parallel with the final item, should have their own iteration of the: â€Å"Cybersecurity is a critical organizational priority in the boardroom, the C-suite, the information technology department, and every area of the business.† Alternately, the structure of the sentence can be altered so that the first three items constitute one larger item, which requires a couple of revisions to the sentence so that it and the final item are equivalent: â€Å"Cybersecurity is a critical organizational priority in the boardroom, C-suite, and information technology department and in every area of the business.† 3. Over the years, Jones would also master piano, bass guitar, clarinet, alto and tenor saxophone. Alto is not a distinct list item- it is part of the item â€Å"alto and tenor saxophone†- so that phrase must be preceded by a conjunction: â€Å"Over the years, Jones would also master piano, bass guitar, clarinet, and alto and tenor saxophone.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About Talking25 Russian Words Used in English (and 25 More That Should Be)6 Foreign Expressions You Should Know

MARKETING - Brands cannot be expected to last forever Essay

MARKETING - Brands cannot be expected to last forever - Essay Example The ability of brand to capture the market determines the term of its survival. Several factors play crucial roles in determining the life span of a brand. Raymond Vernon (as cited in Steers & Nardon, 2006, p.36) has developed a product or brand life cycle theory that clearly illustrates different phases in the life span of a brand, they are; product development, introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. It is the first phase of a brand life cycle and the company carries out design, production, and research in this phase in order to ensure that the proposed idea would meet customer needs effectively. According to Kotler, Keller, Koshy, and Jha (2009, p.550), the management team usually conducts some market surveys to identify current market trends. Subsequently the company makes further modifications to the product in the light of obtained market responses. During this phase, the designed product is introduced into the market under a certain brand name. As it is a new brand in the market, consumers may not have adequate knowledge about it. Hence, marketers launch some public campaigns to promote the specific features of the products and thereby to popularize the brand. During this phase, the branded product would build its foundation in the market. The launched public campaigns and promotional techniques would begin to show its outcomes. However, the company still works with its advertising efforts so as to expand the brand image in the market. The branded product would have maximum market shares and have reached its peak of sales. In the opinion of Kotler et al (2009, p.304), during the maturity phase, growth gradually begins to slow down. The term of the maturity phase may vary from product to product according to the value of brand image. According to Meissner (2010), in the decline phase, brand awareness would be high even though sales are on the decline. Price falls, weakness in competitiveness, and emergence of rival would be other common

Small and medium enterprises Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Small and medium enterprises - Essay Example An SME should give the primary importance to alliance and strategic partnerships at both local and global levels in order to increase the productivity. This will give a huge boost to the yield to cost ration which is the most decisive factor in any SME as they are required to fulfill some business rules and rules to survive in the emerging economic world of today (Nelson & Prescott, 2003). The paramount reason behind these success criteria is the fact that in the ever increasing global economic scale, the SME finds itself being in some tightened conditions thus experiencing jeopardy and limiting factors in the economic growth. Alliances with some partners will not only give them important horizons and resources to get a global exposure but it will also expand the business opportunities to increase the profit and lifetime of the business initiative. A very famous concept in business studies known as transaction-cost theory should be followed in order to increase the certainty level of the success of the partnership (Yasuda, 2005). This theory illustrates and suggests that the SME should make alliance with a partner that can minimize the sum of the fixed and continual costs throughout the business process. The famous example in this case can be taken that of Austria economy which enjoys almost 99 percent of the SME initiative which were at the start partnership based. (OECD, 2005). Similarly, the other success criteria are limited target marketing because e increasing the target market at the start.

Management Respiratory Distress Syndrome Infants Health And Social Care Essay

Management Respiratory Distress Syndrome Infants Health And Social Care Essay Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is one of the most common consequences of prematurity and a leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity as a result of immature lungs. RDS particularly affects neonates born before 32 weeks of gestational age but is also recognised in babies with delayed lung maturation of different aetiology i.e. maternal diabetes. Since its initial recognition there have been vast advances in understating the pathology and management of this complex syndrome. However, in order to understand the pathology behind RDS it is imperative to obtain a good foundation of normal lung maturation and physiological changes that occur in the respiratory system during the transition from fetal to neonatal life. Physiological Development and Function of the lungs During intrauterine growth, fetal lung development begins as early as 3 weeks and progresses until 2-3 years. Conventionally it is divided into 5 stages; embryonic, pseudoglandular, canalicular, saccular and finally alveolar1 (Table 1). During the embryonic stage, the lungs develop from the fetal ectoderm to form the trachea, the main bronchi, the five lobes of the lung and the major blood vessels that connect the fetal lungs to the heart; the pulmonary arteries. This is followed by the pseudo glandular stage which results in the formation of the terminal bronchioles and associated primitive alveoli. These then further divide in the Canalicular stage to form the primary alveoli and subsequently the alveolar capillary barrier. This stage also comprises the differentiation of Type 1 and 2 pneumocytes which will later go on to produce surfactant. Thus babies born after 24 weeks, have a chance of survival as the platform for basic gas exchange has begun to develop. During the saccular st age there is further differentiation of type 1 and type 2 pneumocytes and the walls of the airways, in particular the alveoli, thin to enlarge the surface area present for gaseous exchange. This is followed by the alveolar stage which occurs through the transition form fetal to neonatal life up until 2-3 years. The hallmark of this stage is alveolar formation and multiplication to augment the surface area available for gas exchange to meet the increasing respiratory demands as the infant grows. Stage Time period Structural Development Embryonic 0-7 weeks Trachea, main bronchi and five lobes of the lungs develop from the fetal ectoderm. Pulmonary arteries form and connect to heart. Pseudoglandular 7-17 weeks Formation of terminal bronchioles and alveoli Canalicular 17-27 weeks Formation of alveoli-capillary barrier and differentiation of type I and II pneumocytes Saccular 28-36 weeks Walls of airway thin for efficacious gas exchange Alveolar 36 weeks -2 years Alveolar multiplication Table 1: Stages of Lung Development Once the pulmonary epithelium develops, it begins to secret fluid into fetal lungs, the volume and rate of which is imperative for normal lung growth. Another important factor essential for normal lung development and function is the production of surfactant. At about 24 weeks of gestation the enzymes and lamellar bodies required for surfactant production and storage begin to appear 3. Thus a normal fetus age is not ready to be delivered at this stage due to surfactant deficiency. As type II pneumocytes mature between 32-36 weeks, surfactant production increases and it is stored in the lamellar bodies of these cells. Surfactant is a complex mixture of phospholipids, neutral lipids and proteins 1, 4 that has a fundamental role in maintaining the alveolar-capillary interface and reducing surface tension. It is secreted as a thin film at the liquid-air barriers to facilitate alveolar expansion and prevent end-expiratory collapse of small alveoli, especially at low alveolar volumes. A key event in the development of the lungs is the establishment of spontaneous breathing post-delivery. Prior to delivery the fetal lungs decrease lung fluid production and as the lungs mature there is simultaneous maturation of the lung lymphatic system. During labour the mechanical compression of the fetal chest forces about 1/3 of this lung fluid thus preparing the fetus for spontaneous ventilation. This will require several stimuli; including hypoxia, hypercrabia and acidosis as a results of labour5 and hypothermia and tactile stimulation. Furthermore the stress of labour stimulates chemo-receptors in the fetal aorta and carotids to trigger the respiratory centre in the medulla to commence breathing. As the fetus emerges from the birthing canal, the fetal chest re-expands creating negative airway pressure which subsequently draws air into the lungs. This again forces the lung fluid out of the alveoli and allows for adequate lung expansion. As the newborn cries there is further e xpansion and lung aeration generating positive intrathoracic pressure which maintains alveolar patency and forces any remaining fluid into the lymphatic circulation. As the neonate adapts to extra-uterine life, the normal muscles of respiration work to maintain breathing (Figure 1). In order to inhale, the diaphragm and external intercostals muscles contract to increase the size of the thorax. This generates negative air pressure in the pleura and lowers the air pressure in the lungs so that the gradient between atmospheric air and alveolar air causes air to enter into the lung of the neonate. As the neonate inhales, the elastic recoil force of the lung increases. Once inspiration ceases, the elastic recoil force of the lung causes expiration. The diaphragm and external intercostals muscles relax, the thorax returns to its pre-inspiratory volume resulting in an increase in intra-thoracic pressure. This pressure is now greater than atmospheric pressure and air moves out of the lungs producing exhalation. Figure 1: The Mechanics of breathing6 For most neonates, this transition from fetal to extra-uterine life is uneventful and completed during the first 24 hours of life. The neonate is able to establish good lung function, maintain cardiac output and thermoregulate. However, for a certain population of neonates, usually those that are born early and thus called preterm, this transition is less smooth and it is these babies that will require the support and care of the whole paediatric department. Respiratory Distress Syndrome Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the most prevalent disorder of prematurity and despite a better understanding of its aetiology and pathology, RDS still accounts for significant neonatal mortality and morbidity. The incidence RDS is inversely proportional to gestational age2 such that it decreases with advancing gestational age, from about 60-80% in babies born at 26-28 weeks, to about 15-30% in babies born at 32-36 weeks 1. Risk factors for developing RDS are summarised in Table 2 and include maternal illness, complications during pregnancy and labour and neonatal complications Table 2: Risk Factors for RDS1 Respiratory distress presents early in post-natal life particularly during the phase of transition from fetal to extra-uterine life. These babies will present with signs of grunting, cyanosis, nasal flaring, intercostal and subcostal recession, increased respiratory effort, and less commonly apnoeic episodes and circulatory failure. The severity of symptoms experienced are related to the pathology of disease and it is important to identify babies at greatest risk and commence management early in order to prevent respiratory complications such as chronic lung disease (previously called bronchopulmonary dysplasia), pulmonary hypertension and in adverse cases respiratory failure and even death. Identifying normal transition and respiratory distress is largely based on evaluating the risk factors for RDS, assessing the severity of symptoms and close neonatal observation if in doubt. Babies that are born close to term or those via caesarean section may display a difficult albeit a normal transition. These babies present with transient tachypnoea of the newborn in the first few hours with respiratory rates of about 100 breaths per minute and increased oxygen requirements. Symptoms are short lived, self limiting in most cases and usually relived by oxygen. Neonates who suffer from RDS will present with worsening symptoms of longer duration, respiratory rates of 120 and increased respiratory effort with a longer requirement for oxygen. Recovery if plausible usually begins after 72 hours and is associated with decreased oxygen requirements and better functional residual capacity. Pathophysiology of Respiratory Distress Syndrome Since its initial recognition, more than 30-40 years ago, much has been elucidated about the pathophysiology of this complex syndrome. In the premature neonate, the structurally immature and surfactant deficient lung is unable to maintain the basic lung mechanics required for adequate ventilation. As aforementioned lung mechanics rely on surfactant production, alveolar multiplication and maturity for effective gas exchange, chest wall elasticity and a functionally developed diaphragm. It is therefore evident that premature neonate who lack surfactant and have structurally immature lungs will develop RDS, atelectasis and abnormal lung function. In these neonates the essential first breaths are followed by a secondary pathological cascade characterised by tissue damage, protein leakage into the alveolar space and inflammation, which may resolve or progress to BDP or chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD)7. In neonates with RDS, end-expiration results in the collapse of alveoli due to surfactant deficiency and a subsequent reduction in the functional residual capacity (FRC). The FRC is the volume available for gaseous exchange i.e the volume of gas left in the lungs after exhalation. It is determined by an intricate balance between the collapsing and expanding forces of the chest wall and lungs7. An ideal FRC enables the best possible lung mechanics, efficient ventilation and gaseous exchange. As the FRC is reduced at end-expiration due to alveolar collapse due to high surface tension, the pressure that will be required to re-inflate the already immature lungs is increased. This in turn increases the respiratory effort needed for adequate gas exchange which presents clinically as increased respiratory rate and subcostal/intercostal recession. Moreover reaching an optimal FRC may be further impeded by both surfactant deficiency and by the preterm infants impaired ability to clear fetal lung fluid. Radiographically a chest x-ray will show the characteristic ground-glass appearance with diminished lung volumes and the cardinal features of respiratory stress, tachypnoea, nasal flaring, intercostals recession, subcostal recession, increased breathing effort and grunting will begin to manifest early on. Despite this effort to breathe, alveolar ventilation remains poor. As these areas are receiving an adequate blood supply this produces a ventilation/perfusion mismatch resulting in right to left intrapulmonary shunting1. The lungs are unable to maintain good gas exchange and blood oxygen saturation and the level of carbon dioxide begins to increase resulting in respiratory acidosis, hypoxaemia and hypercarbia. The neonate further struggles to breath and attempts to generate higher negative pleural pressures to ventilate the lungs. The ensuing acidosis further diminishes surfactant production and neonates deteriorate rapidly as blood oxygen saturations plummet. The natural progression of the disease if left untreated will lead to pulmonary oedema, right-sided heart-failure and ultimately the most devastating outcome, neonatal death. Therefore the management of these neonates requires an aggressive multi-disciplinary team approach based on the pathology of these aforementioned homeostatic mechanisms. Alongside this the basic principles of neonatology; thermoregulation, nutritional support, efficacious cardiovascular support and infection control, are all fundamental in achieving the best therapeutic goal. Ultimately the aim is to provide adequate ventilatory support, allow the lungs to heal, impede further pulmonary injury, correct hypoxaemia and acidosis and above all to keep the neonate alive. Management of RDS As aforementioned the aim of treatment is to promote lung healing and reduce further pulmonary insults. We have already established that with increasing gestational age, particularly post-32 weeks, the infant will require less aid to help it cope with the transition from fetal to neonatal life. However, before 32-weeks there is an increased propensity to develop RDS and as the neonate is unable to cope, some form of respiratory support is required. Over the past 40 years there have been numerous management therapies including ventilatory support, surfactant therapy, nitric oxide therapy and supportive therapeutics strategies amongst others. The mainstay of treatment today remains supportive and involves the use of antenatal steroids, surfactant replacement therapy, continuous positive airway pressure and mechanical ventilation, which all aim to address the pulmonary insufficiency that manifest in these individuals Antenatal Glucocorticoids Glucocorticoid receptors are expressed in the fetal lung at early gestation and as the fetus grows stimulate surfactant production post-32 weeks. Alongside receptor expression there is an increase in fetal cortisol levels at late gestation9, which coincides with lung maturation, type II pneumocyte differentiation, surfactant synthesis as well as alveolar thinning. If birth occurs before this increase in serum cortisol, the pulmonary system has not matured adequately and therefore there is an increased propensity to develop RDS. Thus a single dose of glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone or betamethasone in the antenatal period promotes lung maturation. One of the first published reviews that showed the efficacy of antenatal steroids in preterm labour was produced by Crowley in 19958. Crowley showed that steroids given in preterm labour were effective in preventing RDS and improving neonatal mortality rates. Since then several randomised controlled clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy of steroids in reducing RDS. A recent Cochrane review of 21 trials assessed the effects of antenatal corticosteroids, given to women expected to go into preterm labour, on fetal/neonatal mortality and morbidity8. The authors concluded that a single dose of antenatal steroids promoted fetal lung maturation thereby reducing the risk of RDS and the need for assisted respiratory management. The mechanisms by which glucocorticoids are thought to exert their efficacy are described below. Firstly, glucocorticoids stimulate phospholipid production. Phospholipids are a major component of endogenous surfactant and as a result augment surfactant synthesis in the biochemically immature and surfactant deficient lung 9, although the exact mechanisms by which this occurs remains to be elucidated. Secondly glucocorticoids enhance lung maturation and development. As aforementioned, in order to produce surfactant, fetal lungs must produce type II pneumocytes which will then generate lamellar bodies in which surfactant is stored. Glucocorticoids enhance this process, promoting pulmonary epithelial cell maturity and differentiation into type II pneumocytes9. Furthermore glucocorticoids cause a decrease in pulmonary interstitial tissue thereby decreasing alveolar wall thickness. A thin alveolar wall thickness facilitates efficacious gaseous exchange and will therefore assist ventilation and oxygenation of the neonate once born thus decreasing the chances of developing RDS. Another known benefit of antenatal glucocorticoids is found in reducing oxidative stress on the immature lung and prevention of pulmonary oedema9. This accumulative evidence suggests that glucocorticoids are essential for normal pulmonary development and giving a single dose to mothers at risk of preterm birth may substantially decrease the chances of the infant developing RDS. Surfactant Therapy As discussed before, endogenous surfactant has a fundamental role in maintaining the alveolar-capillary interface in order to prevent end-expiratory alveolar collapse. This is achieved by thin spread of surfactant around the alveoli which ultimately acts to reduce surface tension. The most important component of surfactant which achieves this fundamental function is a phospholipid called dipalmitoylated phopshatidylcholine (DPPC)11. DPPC also stabilises the alveoli at end expiration, further preventing alveolar collapse. Alongside DPPC the synergistic actions of surfactant proteins (SP) SP-B and SP-C also lower surface tension11. Thus a deficiency in surfactant will cause alveolar collapse, decrease pulmonary compliance, increased pulmonary vascular resistance and produce ventilation-perfusion mismatch. Hence the aim of exogenous surfactant therapy is to reverse this pathological cascade and ultimately prevent alveolar collapse thereby limiting pulmonary damage and improving ventilat ion. Since the first clinical trial assessing the use of surfactant in managing neonatal RDS by Fujiwara in the 1980s10, our understanding of the composition, structure and function of surfactant has progressed vastly. In this uncontrolled trial the chest x-rays of 10 babies diagnosed with RDS, both clinically and radiologically, showed significant improvement after exogenous modified bovine surfactant was administered with a decreased requirement for ventilation. Since then several randomised controlled trials12 have shown that surfactant therapy, alongside antenatal steroids and ventilation continues to improve neonatal morbidity and mortality. Both natural (derived from an animal source) and synthetic (manufactured chemically) surfactants are available to use in managing RDS. Meta-analysis of trials comparing the two types of surfactant have shown that natural surfactants show a more rapid response in improved lung compliance and oxygenation12 thereby reducing neonatal mortality. Furthermore natural surfactants are less sensitive to inhibition by accumulative products of lung injury such as serum proteins. Surfactants need direct delivery to lungs and usually require intubation with short periods of assisted ventilation. Traditionally two therapeutic approaches have been established in managing RDs with surfactant. The first adopts the use of surfactant prophylactically, with surfactant given immediately after birth to enable the neonate to cope with extra-uterine life. The obvious benefit of this approach is that surfactant is administered to the baby before severe RDS develops resulting in long-term pulmonary sequelae for the neonate. However this technique is invasive, as surfactant administration requires endotracheal intubation, it is expensive and furthermore it may result in the unnecessary treatment of neonates. Moreover poor intubation with failed attempts and prolonged apnoeic episodes may further damage the lungs resulting in CLD. Despite this, there is a strong body of evidence for prophylactic use of surfactant and current guidelines state that all preterm babies born befo re 27 weeks of gestation, who have not been given antenatal steroids should be intubated and given surfactant at birth7. The second therapeutic approach evaluates the role of surfactant in rescue treatment used in neonates with an established diagnosis of RDS requiring ventilation and oxygen. The advantages of rescue treatment include that it is reserved for neonates in whom RDS is confirmed and it may decrease the morbidity associated with unnecessary intubation. The obvious disadvantage is that delay in surfactant delivery may allow for irreversible lung injury to develop with decreased efficacy of surfactant administration12. Several studies have aimed to clarify the issue between prophylactic and rescue surfactant treatment. A randomised trial by Rojas et al. showed the benefits of surfactant delivery within 1h of birth in neonates born between 27-31 weeks14 with an established diagnosis of RDS who were treated with continuous positive airway pressure soon after birth. 279 infants were randomly assigned either to the treatment group (intubation, very early surfactant, extubation, and nasal continuous positive airway pressure) or the control group (nasal continuous airway pressure alone). The results of this study demonstrated that infants in the treatment group i.e. those treated with surfactant, showed a decreased need for mechanical ventilation with a decrease in the incidence of CLD and pneumothoraces. Neonatal mortality rates were similar between both groups. A meta-analysis by Soll and Morley compared the effects of prophylactic surfactant to surfactant treatment of established respiratory distress syndrome (i.e. rescue treatment) in preterm infants33. The authors analysed eight studies comparing the use of prophylactic and rescue surfactant treatment and concluded that the majority of the evidence demonstrated a decrease in the incidence of RDS when surfactant was given prophylactically. Moreover the meta-analysis showed that infants treated with prophylactic surfactant had a better clinical outcome with a reported decrease in the risk of pneumothorax, pulmonary interstitial emphysema, CLD and mortality33. As a result of such studies most neonatal units continue to practice delivery of surfactant prophylactically in preterm babies at high risk of RDS. However, some literature still debates whether there are any real advantages of prophylactic surfactant over rescue treatment. What is evident is that surfactant therapy should play a fundamental role in the management of RDS. Future trials will need to further assess the indications for surfactant therapy in treating neonatal RDS and perhaps in the management of other pulmonary insufficiency disorders that affect the neonate. Although much remains to be elucidated about the complex pulmonary surfactant system, since its introduction 25 years ago, surfactant therapy has been at the forefront of reducing RDS and its role in decreasing neonatal mortality and morbidity cannot be disputed. Mechanical ventilation Mechanical ventilations is one of the cornerstones of neonatal intensive care units and regardless of the modality used, the primary function is to maintain adequate oxygenation and ventilation. The goals of mechanical ventilation are: to establish efficacious gaseous exchange to limit pulmonary insult and CLD to reduce the respiratory effort and work of breathing of the patient To achieve these basic goals several techniques, devices and therapeutic options are available to the neonatologist that can be either invasive or non-invasive. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure The use of CPAP; continuous positive airway pressure, in the treatment of RDS was first described in the 1970s and has since been identified as a important management strategy. CPAP applies positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) to the alveoli throughout inspiration and expiration so that the alveoli remain inflated thereby preventing collapse. The pressure required to re-inflate the lungs is reduced as partially inflated alveoli are easily to inflate than completely collapsed ones. Animal studies with premature lambs have shown the benefits of nasal CPAP over mechanical ventilation. CPAP acts to lower the markers for CLD for example granulocytes, and markers of white cell activation, increases the amount of surfactant available, improves oxygenation and lastly corrects ventilation/perfusion mismatching2, 15. Moreover CPAP produces a more regulated pattern of breathing in neonates by stabilising the chest wall and reducing thoracic distortion16. Like surfactant therapy there are two ways in which CPAP can be administered. The first method, InSUrE: intubation, surfactant and extubation, adopts a brief intubation to administer surfactant and extubation to CPAP approach and the second is the Columbia method in which babies are started on CPAP in the delivery room and are only mechanically ventilated, and intubated if the need for surfactant is established. Several studies have shown the benefit of the first approach. A study by Verder et al. randomised 68 neonates with moderate to severe RDS; 35 infants were randomised to surfactant therapy following a short period of intubation and then extubation to CPAP and 33 neonates were randomised to nasal CPAP alone. The results of this study showed that infants in the earlier group had a reduced need for ventilation; 21% in comparison to 63% in the second group16,17. Another similar trial by Haberman et al. assessed the use of surfactant with early extuabtion to CPAP and subsequently the results showed a decreased need and duration for mechanical ventilation12. Furthermore a recent Cochrane review of six studies using the InSuRE method showed that neonates with RDS treated with early surfactant therapy followed by nasal CPAP, were less likely to need mechanical ventilation and develop air leaks in comparison to neonates that were treated with the Columbia approach (i.e. early CPAP therapy foll owed by surfactant if needed)17, 18. A more recent review by the same authors further confirmed the findings of the initial review and the relative risk for developing CLD was 0.51 (95% CI 0.26-0.99) with early surfactant treatment and nasal CPAP when comparing the two methods18. The Columbia method requires the stabilisation of neonates with CPAP in the delivery room with intubation and surfactant therapy used as necessitated. This approach was adopted when retrospectives studies done by Avery et al. and later Van Marter et al. evaluated the clinical outcomes in multiple neonatal units across the US2. In both cases a lower incidence of CLD was observed in the Columbia University Hospital which adopted CPAP as a primary treatment strategy as opposed to intubation and mechanical ventilation like other units. Leading on from this Ammari et al.. evaluated the Columbia method recently. The outcomes of 261 neonates with birth weight So far the evidence base for the Columbia method has been derived from retrospective cohort studies with a lacking in RCTS and therefore a lack of stronger evidence. One RCT that had aimed to evaluate the Columbia method was the recent COIN trial by Morley. This study evaluated whether the incidence of death or BPD would be reduced by CPAP rather than intubation and ventilation shortly after birth13. 610 neonates born between 25-28 weeks were randomised to CPAP or intubation and ventilation at 5minutes after birth and surfactant was administered at the neonatologists discretion. The results of the study demonstrated that at 28 days of gestation, infants in the CPAP group had a decreased need for supplemental oxygen and fewer deaths2,13. However worrying results from this study were that approximately 46% of babies in the CPAP group went onto require intubation and had a higher rate of pneumothoraces13. There are few randomised control trials assessing the benefit of CPAP alone in managing RDS and the results of the Columbia Hospital study have been irreproducible in other centres. The mainstream use of CPAP for managing RDS remains to start CPAP in the delivery room, after intubation for surfactant treatment. There is not enough evidence to show that CPAP alone can prevent RDS and associated complications in comparison with invasive ventilation. The evidence does suggest that there is a decrease in complications with surfactant therapy and CPAP but the relationship with CLD is less transparent. At present there are two RCTs ongoing that may provide further insight into the role of CPAP in RDS when complete. The first trial is the SUPPORT study, which is randomising infants between 24-27 weeks to CPAP beginning in the delivery room with stringent criteria for subsequent intubation, or intubation with surfactant treatment within 1 h of birth with continuing mechanical ventilation2. The second is the trial by the Vermont-Oxford Network in which infants born at 26-29 weeks gestation will be randomised after 6 days into one of three groups; (1) intubation, early prophylactic surfactant, and subsequent stabilisation on mechanical ventilation; (2) intubation, early prophylactic surfactant, and rapid extubation to CPAP; and lastly (3) early stabilisation with nasal CPAP, with selective intubation and surfactant administration according to clinical guidelines2. The immediate management of the RDS neonate with CPAP remains controversial and maybe the results of these ongoing RCTS wil l provide invaluable answers to the many uncertainties surrounding this device. Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation Another relatively recent development in non-invasive ventilation that has evolved from NICU ventilator machines and CPAP devices is the use of NIPPV for managing RDS. Sometimes called BiPAP (for bi-level positive airway pressure), this form of non-invasive ventilation is able to provide two levels of airway pressure, without the need for intubation. BiPAP maintains positive pressure throughout respiration but with a slightly higher pressure during inspiration. By doing so BiPAP/NIPPV is able to assist neonatal breathing by: reducing the work of breathing improving tidal volume increasing blood oxygen saturation and increasing removal of CO2 thereby limiting hypoxaemia and respiratory acidosis. As the neonate inhales, the NIPPV device generates a positive pressure thereby assisting the neonates spontaneous breath and providing ventilatory support. This is at a slightly higher positive pressure. As the neonate begins to exhale, the pressure drops, but a positive airway pressure remains in the lungs to prevent alveolar collapse and thus increase gaseous exchange. NIPPV may be a potential beneficial treatment for the management of babies with RDS and has been used in NICUs since the 1980s. Recently multiple studies have aimed to evaluate the efficacy of NIPPV in stabilising neonates. A randomised controlled prospective study by Kulgeman et al.. found that NIPPV was more successful than NCPAP in the initial treatment of RDs in preterm infants19. Kulgeman and his colleagues randomised infants A further study by Sai and colleagues also established the advantages of NIPPV over CPAP in managing RDs and reducing the need for mechanical ventilation and intubation in preterm infants. In their study 76 neonates between 28-34 weeks gestation with RDs at 6h of birth were randomised either to early NIPPV (37 neonates) or early CPAP (39 neonates) after surfactant use20. Firstly they documented that the failure rate with NIPPV was less in comparison to the CPAP group (p

Analyzing a Published Work

Analyzing a Published Work Overview One of the most important moves academic writers can master is the art of analysis. This assignment will help you to develop the skills necessary to determine the meaning found within a text. To be clear, the intent of this essay is not to argue for or against the content; instead, we are analyzing what the article does in terms of the following: 1. purpose, 2. approach, and 3. effectiveness. Assignment Go to an online newspaper website: Chicago Tribune http://www. chicagotribune. com/, http://www. ansascity. com/, or http://www. nytimes. com/ are a few possible sites, but feel free to use a more local newspaper website. Find an article in the Op/ED section that is argumentative in nature. Use the following questions to guide your analysis: 1. What is the purpose of the text? In other words, what exactly is the position the article takes and/or what does the author want his or her readers to believe and/or do after reading the article? 2. What stra tegies does the text use to attempt to achieve its purpose? Give examples from the article.In other words, does the article use facts, examples, experiences, logic, assumptions, data, sources, expert opinion, and so on to prove his or her position? Be sure to give examples. You could also try to determine if the position is presented as more of a Classical argument or a Rogerian argument. 3. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the approach the article used? In other words, what would you have liked to see more of in the article? Less of? What worked? What didn't work? Do you detect bias that is unreasonable? Does the author use unreasonable assertions, stereotypes, or faulty information to make his or her points?Does the author place the opposition in an unfair light? Does the author distort the arguments of those who disagree? Does the author fail to recognize the weaknesses in his or her own position? Does the author leave out important information? Does the author back up hi s or her assertions with evidence, or does he or she simply make assumptions? What would most improve the argument? Explain your answers. Remember, we are not arguing for or against the content of these articles; we are analyzing what the article attempts to do, how it does it, and if it does so fairly.We should not be concerned about how we feel about the article. To be clear: Your readers should not know what your position is about the subject. Your readers should only know whether or not you felt the article was reasonable, well-developed, fair, etc. Do not include personal opinion or personal judgments about the subject matter. Do not include personal narrative. This analysis should be presented in the form of a single essay, complete with a title page, an introduction, three body paragraphs (purpose, approach, and effectiveness), a conclusion, and a full References page.Your analysis should meet the following criteria: †¢Is based on a current topic and/or event; †¢is between 300-500 words in length, not including the title page, abstract (if used), and References page; †¢includes direct quotations and paraphrased passages from the text; †¢uses attributive tags that not only work to convey the mood of the writer, but establish him or her as an authority in the field of study; †¢avoids personal opinion; †¢is written clearly, concisely, and accurately; †¢is written solely in third-person; is formatted in APA style and includes a References page; †¢has been closely edited so that it contains few or no mechanical errors; †¢is ordered with a title page, an introduction, three body paragraphs (purpose, approach, and effectiveness), a conclusion, and a full References page. *Note that no one writes a polished essay in a single sitting. Start early and give yourself time for multiple revisions. Analysis Checklist As you work on your analysis, it is a good idea to keep the following questions in mind: 1. How does this an alysis meet the assignment criteria? . How close do you feel your analysis reflected the presentation of the original argument? 3. Does this analysis use effective transitions as it progresses from paragraph to paragraph? 4. Does this analysis avoid personal opinion, casual language, or first or second person language? 5. Is there anything in this analysis that could have been left out without losing its effect? 6. Is there anything else that could have been added to this analysis to make it feel more complete? 7. Is this analysis based on a current topic?

The Theory Of Basic Anxiety - 1477 Words

The theorist Karen Horney was the first person to develop the idea of basic anxiety. Having her own personal struggles with being rejected of affection aided her thought of social development, yet paving the way for new developmental theories of personality. The impact Horney had on the discipline of psychology was enormous. Horney not only inspired women psychologists, but also created a new place in the world where women had the right to their own ideas. Karen Horney was born and raised in Germany. When Horney was a child she yearned for her parents love and affection. She felt that her parents did not love her or one another, as they should. As throughout her childhood and adolescents she saw the hostility and resentment between her parents. With Horney’s childhood loneliness and enlightening influences of Alfred Adler and Sigmund Freud, she began to have interest in human personality and behavior. As an adult Horney attended the University of Berlin in 1913, where she stud ied medicine and received her Ph. D. While at the University of Berlin she fell in and out of love, and then one day she finally met her husband but seventeen years later they separated. Afterwards Horney moved to the United States of America, perusing to help patients as she did in Germany. As in America, Horney saw the uprising of women’s rights, which were starting to become popular in America than other places around the world. Horney learned that there was a general difference between her GermanShow MoreRelatedKaren Horney : A German Psychoanalyst970 Words   |  4 PagesKaren Horney (neà © Danielsen) was a German psychoanalyst whose early theories and writings founded Feminist Psychology. Later on in her career, she became well-renowned for her theories on personality development, neurosis, and self-theory. She grew infamous towards the end of her career due to her Neo-Freudian attitude and frequent opposition and critique of Sigmund Freud’s already existing theories. Ironically, her critiques of Freud are now widely accepted by the field of Psychology. Karen HorneyRead MoreKaren Horney1746 Words   |  7 Pagesand personality development theory† (Quinn). She was a contemporary of Sigmund Freud and was one of his early followers. Yet Horney joined the class of neo-Freudians after her research and writing led her to develop and establish psychoanalytical theories that ran counter to Freuds ideas. She objected to the Freudian psychology of women, which instigated the search for her own theories for the causes of neurosis. This in turn led to her personality development theory. Horney devoted her professionalRead MoreFinal Examination For The Psychology Of Personality1329 Words   |  6 Pagesfive most widely accepted traits of personality (Pappas, 2013): †¢ Openness †¢ Conscientiousness †¢ Extraversion †¢ Agreeableness †¢ Neuroticism Gordon Allport’s View of Personal Dispositions According to Gordon Allport, personal dispositions are the basic unit of personality. Personal dispositions are actually general characteristics unique to an individual. Allport acknowledged three overlapping levels of personal dispositions: cardinal dispositions, central dispositions, and secondary dispositionsRead MoreAnalysis Of Pyszczynski, Greenberg And Solomon984 Words   |  4 Pagesself-awareness in SDT, possible conflict between the basic needs in SDT, under-estimation of anxiety in SDT and so on. This article specially aims to respond to how SDT explain dark sides of human nature and the comparison between SDT and TMT. Pyszczynski (2000) questioned the way SDT explained the dark side of human nature. SDT is sufficient for explaining the dark side of human nature: The optimal functioning will be achieved unless all three basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence and relatedness)Read MorePsychoanalysis of How the Grinch Stole Christmas962 Words   |  4 PagesLuke Enfinger Reges Dual Enrollment English 8 November 2012 â€Å"How the Grinch Stole Christmas† Psychoanalysis by definition, â€Å"is a psychological and psycho therapeutic theory conceived in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud (McLeod 1). According to Freud, psychoanalysis deals with the concepts of death, sex, and violence. In dealing with psychoanalysis, he determines that there are three parts of the unconscious mind, the ego, the superego,Read MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Killers 1088 Words   |  5 Pagesup Nick and Sam, two workers at the diner, while threatening George. The two hitmen waited for Ole Anderson to appear and when he never did, they both left the diner. In order to understand the motives of the characters, we can use Sigmund Freud’s theory to unravel their behaviors. We can explain the characters’ behavior by using various concepts proposed by Freud, such as the personality structures (id, ego, and superego) and defense mechanisms. Al and Max looked almost the same. They were of theRead MoreThe And Structural Family Therapy Model821 Words   |  4 Pagesobjective to therapy. In this paper, Bowen and the Structural Family Therapy model are presented as the two which is most appropriate and effective according to the personality and beliefs. Bowen family theory can be considered to have laid the foundation for this therapeutic model. The Bowen family theory puts value on the role of the family as an emotional system in which the functions of each member of the family is connected through interactions within the family. In this family system, members areRead MoreAnalysing Two Humanistic Theories: Person Centered and Self Actualisation958 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION Humanistic theories emerged in 1950s. We have two types of humanistic theories, the first one is Person-centred theory by Carl Rogers which is based on how people see them-selves in relation to their personal experience and the second theory is Self-actualisation by Abraham Maslow which is based on the needs that motivate people. In this paper both theories will be described in detail and also they will be evaluated. 1.2) DISSCUSSION 1.2.1) ROGERS’ PERSON-CENTRED THEORY Self-concept it isRead More William Gudykunsts Anxiety / Uncertainty Management Theory Essay530 Words   |  3 PagesGudykunsts Anxiety / Uncertainty Management Theory Everyone has experienced cross cultural differences one-way or the other. Even if you have not been to another country, you probably have experienced the frustration, nervousness, or difficulty in communicating with someone from a different culture. Dealing with the difference in slang, dialects, and overall cultural diversity, can be a very difficult situation to manage. Seeing these problems, William Gudykunst developed his Anxiety/ UncertaintyRead MoreThe Psychodynamic And Humanistic Perspective1640 Words   |  7 Pagesperspectives we will be exploring are the psychodynamic and the humanistic perspective. The psychodynamic theory; influenced by the work of Sigmund Freud; stresses that our unconscious mind plays a major part in an individual’s personality, whereas, the humanistic theory; influenced by the work of Abraham Maslow; focuses on free will and experience in the development of personality. I chose these two theories because they both have contradicting explanations of what they believe personality is and I wanted